D&C Section 90

Doctrine and Covenants 90 (Kirtland, Ohio, March 8, 1833)

Doctrine and Covenants section 90 stands as a transformative revelation in the early history of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Delivered in Kirtland, Ohio, on March 8, 1833, this section establishes the foundational framework for Church governance, outlines the sacred distribution of priesthood authority, and provides inspired guidance for global missionary efforts and individual stewardship. Its teachings have reverberated across nearly two centuries, shaping both the structure of Church leadership and the daily devotion of its members.

Foundations of Divine Authority

At the core of D&C 90 is the bestowal of “all the keys of the kingdom” upon the Prophet Joseph Smith. This divine commission affirms that true ecclesiastical authority flows only through revelation from the Lord and underscores the sacred responsibility that accompanies prophetic calling. Members are reminded that divine guidance must never be treated “as a light thing,” for the very direction and protection of the Saints depend on their willingness to heed heavenly counsel. By establishing this inviolable link between revelation and leadership, section 90 elevates the role of personal and collective obedience as the bedrock of spiritual growth.

Establishing the First Presidency

One of the most significant organizational developments within section 90 is the formal appointment of Sidney Rigdon and Frederick G. Williams as counselors to Joseph Smith. This three-person presidency, later known as the First Presidency, created a unified leadership model in which decisions would be made by a body holding equal authority yet harmoniously directed by the President of the Church. The revelation explains that this presidency is to “preside over and direct [the] Church” and to ensure that all decisions reflect divine will. By codifying this leadership structure, D&C 90 set a lasting precedent that continues to guide the Church’s highest governing councils.

Distribution of Priesthood Keys and Responsibilities

Beyond establishing the First Presidency, section 90 meticulously outlines the distribution of priesthood keys and the responsibilities that accompany them. The Lord commands these leaders to preside over all spiritual quorums, to officiate in ordinances, and to prepare the School of the Prophets as a center for spiritual education and unity. This comprehensive charge emphasizes that priesthood authority is not merely honorary but must be exercised actively in teaching, governing, and sanctifying the Saints. The revelation also calls for ongoing revelation, inviting future prophets and apostles to build upon this foundation as “the keys of the kingdom” continue to guide the unfolding work of the Church.

The Mandate to Preach and Expand the Kingdom

A central theme of D&C 90 is the urgent call to preach the gospel to “all nations, kindreds, tongues, and peoples.” Verses within this section promise that each individual will receive the message in his or her own language, foreshadowing the Church’s expansive global missionary program. The Prophet and his counselors are specifically charged to organize, train, and send forth elders to bear witness of Christ throughout the world. This divine directive transformed the fledgling Church from a small Ohio-based community into an international movement. It also established a template for missionary training centers, proselytizing approaches, and cross-cultural teaching methods that persist in modern Latter-day Saint practice.

Practical Counsel for the Saints

While much of section 90 focuses on leadership and missionary initiatives, it also addresses the everyday challenges faced by individual Saints. In the early 1830s, Church members in Kirtland grappled with limited financial resources, external persecution, and internal discouragement. The Lord counsels them to cultivate faith, industry, and mutual support, urging that “if ye are faithful, ye shall not be moved.” This practical guidance encompasses principles of wise stewardship, compassionate care for the poor, and diligent pursuit of personal revelation. By blending visionary mandates with down-to-earth counsel, D&C 90 equips members to navigate adversity with resilience and hope.

Enduring Legacy and Contemporary Application

Nearly two hundred years after its reception, Doctrine and Covenants 90 continues to undergird both the organizational structure and the spiritual vitality of the Church. The First Presidency model it established remains the supreme governing body, presiding over worldwide affairs and guiding members through modern complexities. The charge to preach to all nations has blossomed into one of the largest missionary forces in the world, with thousands of missionaries serving in virtually every country. On an individual level, the stewardship principles and emphasis on personal revelation resonate with members facing contemporary trials—whether financial uncertainty, social pressures, or global upheaval.

In essence, D&C 90 is not merely a historical document but a living revelation that adapts to new contexts while preserving its original power. It affirms that divine authority is revealed line upon line, that organizational order is vital for spiritual progress, and that the gospel message is intended for every soul. As Latter-day Saints reflect on this section, they find both a map for ecclesiastical administration and a wellspring of personal encouragement—reminders that, when guided by revelation and rooted in faithful obedience, the work of salvation marches forward across centuries and cultures.